Automated tools or software designed to detect and block unwanted or unsolicited email messages, commonly known as SPAM. These filters analyze incoming emails based on various criteria, such as keywords, sender reputation, and email content, to determine whether a message should be classified as SPAM. They protect users from receiving unwanted or potentially harmful emails, reduce clutter in inboxes, and enhance overall email security. They can be integrated into email clients, servers, or web-based email services, and often allow users to customize filtering rules to better suit their needs and preferences.